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SMART, GREEN AND INTEGRATED TRANSPORT Energy: The transport sectors’ signifi cant share of total consumption Passenger and freight transport is derived from the spatial disper- makes the link with energy obvious. Further, transport’s almost sole sion of people’s activities and production of goods and as such an dependency on oil places it at the core of energy security. Transi- essential and integral element in our lifestyle and consumption pat- tion to alternative energy sources, e.g. via electric vehicles will set tern. Transport research therefore should be (and have been) using new requirements to the power distribution net but also potentials in multidisciplinary approaches ranging from several branches of en- terms of smart grids. gineering to various disciplines in social sciences, such as econom- ics, sociology, psychology, geography and political science. The Climate: Transport is one of the main contributors to global GHG major transport (sub-)challenges also relates closely to the themes emissions and the share is rising. Hence, transport should be at of the fi ve other societal challenges, and the relationship goes both the centre of mitigation efforts, yet transport CO2 emissions have ways, clearly calling for cross-cutting research cooperation: shown very diffi cult reduce. Adaption to climate change is also calls for heavy investment to make transport infrastructure resilient Health: Biking and walking helps prevent many conditions, such as to extreme weather events. obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, some cancers, depression, and osteoporosis. On the other hand, tail pipe emissions Societies: An effi cient transport system is an essential framework con- of air pollutants, traffi c noise and accidents all takes heavy death dition for a competitive industry and the functioning of the internal tolls every year and causes severe impacts on human health and market. Hence, further research in how direct effects of improving well-being, which also entail substantial economic costs to society. the transport system transform into industrial competitive ness and The ageing population makes new mobility demands which are also economic growth is crucial and of topical interest with a view to the strongly related to physical conditions of elder people. current economic crisis and the need to revitalize Europe’s competi- tiveness. Secure mobility is essential for a secure society as terrorist Food: Widespread use of fi rst generation biofuels for transport can actions has often focused on transport. Finally, cultural cohesion is crowd out food production on arable land and drive up food prices fostered by high mobility and sustainable lifestyles are closely linked with signifi cant global impacts on living conditions of poor people. to environmental impacts of our transport pattern. HEALTH FOODCycling and walking vs.Bio-fuelsCrowding outFoodMobility ofAir pollution, noise population TRANSPORT Mitigation: Main CO contributor 2 Adaptation: Resilient infrastructure CLIMATE 18


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