xii Contents
IEA . . . . . . . International Energy Agency
LHV . . . . . . Lower Heating Value
Mbd . . . . . . Million barrels (oil) per day
Mtoe . . . . . . Million ton oil equivalent
NP . . . . . . . . NanoParticle
OECD . . . . Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OER . . . . . . Oxygen Evolution Reaction
OPEC . . . . Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
ORR . . . . . . Oxygen Reduction Reaction
PEM . . . . . . Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (also Proton Exchange Membrane)
PHS . . . . . . Pumped Hydropower Storage
QCM . . . . . Quartz Crystal Microbalance
RDE . . . . . . Rotating Disk Electrode
RHE . . . . . . Reversible Hydrogen Electrode
RPBE . . . . Revised Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof
RRDE . . . . Rotating Ring Disk Electrode
SEM . . . . . . Scanning Electron Microscopy
STM . . . . . . Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
T&D . . . . . . Transmission and Distribution
TEM . . . . . . Transmission Electron Microscopy
TWh . . . . . . Terawatt hour
UHV . . . . . . Ultra High Vacuum
WEO . . . . . World Energy Outlook
XPS . . . . . . X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
XRD . . . . . . X-ray Diraction
XAS . . . . . . X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
XANES . . . X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy