xiv List of symbols
Symbol Description Unit
T Temperature K
u Acoustophoretic particle velocity ms��1
v Fluid velocity vector ms��1
v Fluid velocity magnitude ms��1
vext Velocity vector of external ow ms��1
vAmplitude of oscillatory boundary velocity ms��1
bc V Volume m3
(x; y; z) Cartesian coordinates m
p Isobaric thermal expansion K��1
s Viscous boundary layer thickness m
t Thermal boundary layer thickness m
" Internal energy per unit mass J kg��1
Dynamic viscosity Pa s
b Bulk viscosity Pa s
= cp=cv Ratio of specic heat capacities
�� Viscous damping factor, 1D wave
��0 Viscous damping factor, general
Isothermal compressibility Pa��1
T s Isentropic compressibility Pa��1
Acoustic wavelength m
! = 2f Angular frequency s��1
Domain
@
Domain boundary
Acoustic contrast factor in 1D Frad
Acoustic streaming prefactor
n n'th basis function
Mass density kgm��3
= �� p 1 Stress tensor Pa
ext Stress tensor of external ow Pa
Viscous stress tensor Pa
@i Partial derivative with respect to i = x; y; z m��1
@t Partial derivative with respect to time s��1
d Innitesimal change in
Complex conjugate of
a Bulk amplitude of rst-order eld
i i'th component of , i = x; y; z
0;1;2 0th-, 1st-, and 2nd-order perturbations of
in Incident acoustic eld
jj Order of magnitude of
Similar order of magnitude
= 1
t0
R t+t0=2
t��t0=2 dt; Time average of